社会距离与后果严重性对异性交往情境中风险决策的影响The Influence of Social Distance and Consequence Severity on Risk Decision-making in the Interaction with Opposite Sex
任玉冰
摘要(Abstract)：
选取272名大学生为被试,采用3(社会距离:为最好朋友决策、为陌生人决策、自我决策)×2(后果严重性:不严重、严重)×2(性别:男、女)的混合实验设计,探讨了社会距离和后果严重性对异性交往情境中风险决策的影响。运用SPSS19.0,以社会距离、后果严重性与性别为自变量,风险偏好得分为因变量进行重复测量方差分析,结果发现:(1)社会距离主效应显著,自我决策比为最好朋友与陌生人决策更保守;(2)后果严重性主效应显著,后果严重任务比不严重任务更保守;(3)性别主效应显著,男性比女性更冒险;(4)社会距离、后果严重性与性别之间的交互作用显著,男女在面对不严重的后果时,为自己决策比较保守,为最好朋友和陌生人比较冒险;而在面对严重后果时,男性为自己和陌生人决策比为最好朋友决策更冒险;女性则差异不显著。
关键词(KeyWords)： 社会距离;后果严重性;风险偏好;异性交往决策
基金项目(Foundation):
作者(Author): 任玉冰
DOI: 10.16393/j.cnki.37-1436/z.2017.06.027
参考文献(References)：
- [1]刘永芳,王鹏,庄锦英,等.自我—他人决策差异:问题、研究与思考[J].心理科学进展,2014,22(4):580-587.
- [2]Wallach A M.,&Wing W C.Is risk a value?[J]Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1968,9(1):101-106.
- [3]Liberman N,&Trope Y.The role of feasibility and desirability consideration in near distant future decisions:A test of temporal construal theory[J].Attitudes and Social Cognition,1998,75(1):5-18.
- [4]Stone E R,Yates A,&Caruthers A S.Risk taking in decision making for others versus the self[J].Journal of Applied Social Psychology,2002,32(9):1797–1824.
- [5]Mengarelli F,Moretti L,Faralla V,Vindras P,&Sirigu A.Economic decisions for others:An exception to loss aversion low[J].Plos One,2014,9(1):1-6.
- [6]赵秋荻,刘永芳,段婧,等.心理距离与决策者角色对风险决策的影响[J].应用心理学,2013,19(1):26-33.
- [7]Beisswanger H A,Stone R E,Hupp M J,&Allgaier L.Risk taking in relationships:Differences in deciding for oneself versus for a friend[J].Basic and Applied Social Psychology,2003,25(2),38-51.
- [8]Stone R E,&Allgaier L.A social values analysis of self-other differences in decision making involving risk[J].Basic and Applied Social Psychology,2008(30):114-129.
- [9]张葳,刘永芳,孙庆洲,胡启旭,刘毅.异性交友决策任务上为不同心理距离他人决策的风险偏好[J].心理学报,2014,46(10):1580-1590.
- [10]Eckel C C.&Grossman P J.Sex differences and statistical stereotyping in attitudes toward financial risk[J].Evolution and Human Behavior,2002,23(4):281-295.
- [11]段锦云,朱月龙,陈婧.心理距离对风险决策框架效应的影响[J].心理科学,2013(6):1404-1407.
- [12]牛忠辉,蒋赛,邱俊杰,等.社会距离对他人行为表征的影响:评价内容效价的作用[J].应用心理学,2010,16(4):291-300.
- [13]Kahneman D,&Tversky A.Prospect theory:An analysis of decision under risk[J].Econometrica,1979,47(2):263-291.
- [14]Holt C A,&Laury S K.Risk aversion and incentive effects[J].American Economic Review,2002,92(5):1644-1655.
- [15]单雯,金盛华,张卫青,等.从进化心理学视角看两性冒险行为[J].心理科学进展,2010,18(11):1828-1838.